Prevention of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with different methods:a Meta analysis / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of different methods in preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods Databases including PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,China Biomedicine Database were searched with key words including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP,post-ERCP pancreatitis,pancreatitis,pancreatic duct stent,non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs,indometacin,diclofenac,protease inhibitors,nafamostat,ulinastatin,gabexate,somatostain,内镜逆行胰胆管造影,内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎,胰腺炎,胰管支架置入,非甾体类抗炎药,吲哚美辛,双氯芬酸,抑酶剂,萘莫司他,乌司他丁,加贝酯and生长抑素.Literatures published between January 2000 and January 2014 were searched.Randomized controlled studies on prevention of pancreatitis after ERCP which were enrolled in this study were analyzed by 2 independent reviewers.The quality of the literatures was evaluated.All data were analyzed using the RevMan 5.0 software.Data were expressed in odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (95％ CI).The heterogeneity of the studies was analyzed using the I2 test.Results Twenty-seven literatures were enrolled in the study.There were 4 701 patients in the experimental group (including patients who were treated by pancreatic stent installation,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs,nafamostat,ulinastatin,gabexate,intravenous infusion of somatostain for more than 6 hours,intravenous infusion of somatostain for less than 6 hours,bolus injection of somatostain) and 3 592 patients in the control group (including patients treated without pancreatic duct installation or placebo).The results of Meta analysis showed that pancreatic stent installation,non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs,nafamostat,intravenous infusion of somatostain for more than 6 hours and bolus injection of somatostain could significantly decrease the incidence of pancreatitis after ERCP (OR =0.18,0.45,0.31,0.33,0.25,95％ CI:0.09-0.35,0.33-0.61,0.19-0.52,0.20-0.56,0.11-0.55,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Pancreatic stent installation,non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs,nafamostat,intravenous infusion of somatostain for more than 6 hours and bolus injection of somatostain could effectively prevent the incidence of pancreatitis after ERCP.

Effect of somatostain intra-articular injection on metabolism of free radicals in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To discuss the effect of somatostain SS on metabolism of free radicals in animal models of osteoarthritis,so to discuss the treatment mechanism of intra- articular injection of somatostatin on osteoarthritis.MethodsForty experimental Japanese big-ear rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:normal control group,blank model group,normal saline group and SS group,n =10 for each group.After modeling,the rats in SS group and normal saline group received intra- articular injection of somatostain and saline respectively on the right knee.Ten weeks after the modeling,we measured the movement of right knee joint in rabbits,the levels of nitric oxide ( NO ) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in serum from the heart blood,and the activity of SOD and the content of MDA in synovial tissue.Results Compared with the blank model group,the movement of the knee joint was significantly increased in SS group,(96.01 ± 1.06)vs (50.21 ± 1.80) (P ＜ 0.01 ).In the blank model group,the levels of NO and HA (μmoL/mL) in serum were ( 111.60 ± 2.76) and ( 309.11 ± 1.89 ),which was significantly decreased in SS group,which was( 80.14 ± 1.67 ) and ( 133.73 ± 2.75 ) ( P1 =0.0049,P2 =0.0052,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with the blank model group,the SOD activity was (15.77 ± 2.76) and the MDA in serum nmol/mg prot was( 1.33 ±1.03),while was significantly increased in SS group,(24.74 ± 1.67) ( P ＜ 0.01 ),and the levels of MDA in serum was significantly decreased in the SS group,(0.89 ±1.46) (P＜0.01).Conclusion Intra-articular injection of somatostatin in knee osteoarthritis can improve the oxidative stress,enhance the activity of the knee joint.

Effects of Somatostatin on the Responses of Rostrally Projecting Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons to Noxious Stimuli in Cats

Somatostatin (SOM) is a widely distributed peptide in the central nervous system and exerts a variety of hormonal and neural actions. Although SOM is assumed to play an important role in spinal nociceptive processing, its exact function remains unclear. In fact, earlier pharmacological studies have provided results that support either a facilitatory or inhibitory role for SOM in nociception. In the current study, the effects of SOM were investigated using anesthetized cats. Specifically, the responses of rostrally projecting spinal dorsal horn neurons (RPSDH neurons) to different kinds of noxious stimuli (i.e., heat, mechanical and cold stimuli) and to the A delta-and C-fiber activation of the sciatic nerve were studied. Iontophoretically applied SOM suppressed the responses of RPSDH neurons to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli as well as to C-fiber activation. Conversely, it enhanced these responses to noxious cold stimulus and A delta-fiber activation. In addition, SOM suppressed glutamate-evoked activities of RPSDH neurons. The effects of SOM were blocked by the SOM receptor antagonist cyclo-SOM. These findings suggest that SOM has a dual effect on the activities of RPSDH neurons; that is, facilitation and inhibition, depending on the modality of pain signaled through them and its action site.

Meta-analysis on combination of growth hormone and somatostain and single somatostain in treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

0.05 . In combined test, the combined OR= 3.164 , OR = 3.209 and its 95% confidence interval was in 1.390 ～ 7.200 and 1.747 ～ 5.900 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The case fatality rates in combination group were significantly lower than those in single somatostain group. The efficacy of combination group was superior to that of single somatostain group.

Exogenous cysteamine increases basal pancreatic exocrine secretion in the rat

To determine whether exocrine pancreatic secretion is regulated by endogenous somatostatin, somatostatin deficiency was induced by cysteamine. Rats were subcutaneously administered a single dose of cysteamine (30 mg/100 g body weight) 12 hr before experiment. Anesthetized rats were prepared with cannulation into bile duct, pancreatic duct, duodenum, and jugular vein and pancreatic juice was collected. For in vitro study, isolated pancreata of rats, pretreated with cysteamine, were perfused with an intraarterial infusion of Krebs-Henseleit solution (37 degrees C) at 1.2 mL/min, and pancreatic juice was collected in 15-min samples. In vivo experiment of the rat, the mean basal pancreatic secretions, including volume, bicarbonate, and protein output were significantly increased from 18.4+/-0.5 microL/30 min, 0.58+/-0.05 microEq/30 min, and 214.0+/-26.1 microg/30 min to 51.6+/-3.7 microL/30 min, 1.52+/-0.11 microEq/30 min, and 569.8+/-128.9 microg/30 min, respectively (p<0.05). In the isolated perfused pancreas, cysteamine also resulted in a significant increase in basal pancreatic secretion (p<0.05). Simultaneous intraarterial infusion of octreotide (10 pmol/hr) to isolated pancreata partially reversed the effect of cysteamine on basal pancreatic secretion. These findings suggest that endogenous somatostatin play an important role on the regulation of basal pancreatic exocrine secretion.

Study on the mechanism of SS-GH axis responses in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To observe the changes of SS activity and regulation of GH surrounding cerebral hemorrhage and the hypothalamus,and explore the disorder of SS GH to the affect of local neuronal internal circumstances in stress.Methods With intracerebral hemorrhage model in rats, SS GH content in the hypothalamus and cerebral hemorrhage periphery was determined using the radioimmunoassay.Results The SS content in the hypothalamus far from hematoma and the area surrounding cerebral hematoma elevated obviously, and reached its peak along with the hematoma content,meanwhile the GH content of relevant area trended to upregulate remarkably too.Conclusion While the SS content in the hypothalamus and the area surrounding cerebral hematoma elevated, the GH content of relevant area trended to rise remarkably too, the phenomenon indicated the stress disorder of SS GH axis during the highest peak of hematoma.